riaology

Earth & Climate

How the atmosphere, oceans, land, ice, and life interact—through feedback, transport, and uncertainty across massive scales.

FeedbackExtremesRisk

What this research area is about

Earth & Climate research studies coupled systems across enormous scales: air, ocean, land, ice, life, and chemistry interacting through feedback. The goal isn’t just “a forecast”; it’s understanding mechanisms, constraints, and uncertainty: what drives change, what stabilizes it, and what can tip systems into new regimes.

Coupled systemsNonlinear feedbackUncertainty-aware

How this page is organized

Start with the core research questions, then follow the foundations (physics, chemistry, biology, and math) and the tools used to observe and model Earth’s behavior. Applied outcomes live in the “Applied Threads” section below.

Applied Threads

Explore real-world themes where coupled Earth systems and uncertainty drive decisions.